{"id":1146,"date":"2020-09-02T14:06:05","date_gmt":"2020-09-02T06:06:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learning.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/?page_id=1146"},"modified":"2021-09-02T17:46:21","modified_gmt":"2021-09-02T09:46:21","slug":"artmigrationrepresentation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/index.php\/satellitetimelines\/artmigrationrepresentation\/","title":{"rendered":"Satellite \u2013 Art, Migration &#038; Representation"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1146\" class=\"elementor elementor-1146\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16b1abd1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16b1abd1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2cdb58c8\" data-id=\"2cdb58c8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77ae7d29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-headline\" data-id=\"77ae7d29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-headline.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"jet-headline jet-headline--direction-horizontal\"><span class=\"jet-headline__part jet-headline__first\"><span class=\"jet-headline__label\">Art, Migration &amp; Representation<\/span><\/span><span class=\"jet-headline__space\">&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"jet-headline__part jet-headline__second\"><span class=\"jet-headline__label\">Mapping Ethnic Minority Migration and Exhibitions in Hong Kong, 1933\u20132020<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-68eb0099 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"68eb0099\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-49d36995\" data-id=\"49d36995\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fc6ddf elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"8fc6ddf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Migration-Timeline-Zine.pdf\" width=\"740\" height=\"640\"><\/iframe>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62e2c51d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"62e2c51d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-616eb830 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-headline\" data-id=\"616eb830\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-headline.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"jet-headline jet-headline--direction-horizontal\"><span class=\"jet-headline__part jet-headline__first\"><span class=\"jet-headline__label\">Author's Statement<\/span><\/span><span class=\"jet-headline__space\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ac9f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c3ac9f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-67b3146 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"67b3146\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-98422f1\" data-id=\"98422f1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46fbd17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46fbd17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Hong Kong is a product of human movement. It is a city built, cultivated and developed by migrants and it continues to rest on their labor. This project looks at Hong Kong art through the lens of migration. Exhibition history is presented in parallel with the history of Indian sailors, Gurkhas, African businessmen, Vietnamese refugees, Southeast Asian migrant workers and other non-Chinese Hong Kongers in the city. The result is a juxtaposition that shows the impermeability of Hong Kong art to its non-Chinese communities of color and provokes dialogue about the invisibility of ethnic minorities from the Global South in the making of Hong Kong culture. The causes of this absence lie in discourses on ethnicity, privilege, labor and mobility. Decisive factors include colonial privileges that benefited Euro-American Caucasian communities, restricted access to education, employment and community support for non-Cantonese-speakers, migration policies imposed on migrant workers, asylum seekers and refugees, as well as the elitism of Hong Kong\u2019s art world.<sup>[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]<\/sup>\u00a0These have all played a part in the invisibility of minorities in Hong Kong culture, not merely as artists, but as curators, researchers, scholars, critics and collectors. This project centralizes communities that have been written in the margins to encourage us to reflect on the barriers that have placed them there, whether those barriers exist in our institutions, through our policies or within our own collective ideologies. It is a recognition that minority art histories are Hong Kong art history and our understanding of Hong Kong art and Hong Kong would not be complete without them.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-31b6884\" data-id=\"31b6884\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-521efba elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-accordion\" data-id=\"521efba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-accordion\" data-settings=\"{&quot;collapsible&quot;:false,&quot;ajaxTemplate&quot;:false}\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-accordion__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-accordion__item jet-toggle jet-toggle-move-up-effect \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-control-8611\" class=\"jet-toggle__control elementor-menu-anchor\" data-toggle=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"jet-toggle-content-8611\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__label-icon jet-toggle-icon-position-right\"><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-normal jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-active jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-toggle__label-text\">Footnote #1<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-content-8611\" class=\"jet-toggle__content\" data-toggle=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__content-inner\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kam-Yee Law and Kim-Ming Lee, \u201cThe myth of multiculturalism in \u2018Asia&#8217;s world city\u2019: incomprehensive policies for ethnic minorities in Hong Kong,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Asian Public Policy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 5:1 (2012): 120-125;128-130, doi: 10.1080\/17516234.2012.662353.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"jet-accordion__item jet-toggle jet-toggle-move-up-effect \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-control-8612\" class=\"jet-toggle__control elementor-menu-anchor\" data-toggle=\"2\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"jet-toggle-content-8612\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__label-icon jet-toggle-icon-position-right\"><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-normal jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-active jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-toggle__label-text\">Footnote #2<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-content-8612\" class=\"jet-toggle__content\" data-toggle=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__content-inner\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kelvin Chi-Kin Cheung and Kee-Lee Chou, &#8220;Child Poverty Among Hong Kong Ethnic Minorities,&#8221; Social Indicators Research 137, no. 1 (2018): 95.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"jet-accordion__item jet-toggle jet-toggle-move-up-effect \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-control-8613\" class=\"jet-toggle__control elementor-menu-anchor\" data-toggle=\"3\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"jet-toggle-content-8613\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__label-icon jet-toggle-icon-position-right\"><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-normal jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-active jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-toggle__label-text\">Footnote #3<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-content-8613\" class=\"jet-toggle__content\" data-toggle=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__content-inner\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Michael Ramsden and Luke Marsh, &#8220;The &#8216;right to Work&#8217; of Refugees in Hong Kong: MA v Director of Immigration,&#8221; International Journal of Refugee Law 25, no. 3 (2013): 574. <\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"jet-accordion__item jet-toggle jet-toggle-move-up-effect \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-control-8614\" class=\"jet-toggle__control elementor-menu-anchor\" data-toggle=\"4\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"jet-toggle-content-8614\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__label-icon jet-toggle-icon-position-right\"><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-normal jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-active jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-toggle__label-text\">Footnote #4<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-content-8614\" class=\"jet-toggle__content\" data-toggle=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__content-inner\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Immigration Ordinance, Hong Kong, Section 13 (1981), <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elegislation.gov.hk\/hk\/cap115?xpid=ID_1438402608535_003\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.elegislation.gov.hk\/hk\/cap115?xpid=ID_1438402608535_003<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"jet-accordion__item jet-toggle jet-toggle-move-up-effect \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-control-8615\" class=\"jet-toggle__control elementor-menu-anchor\" data-toggle=\"5\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"jet-toggle-content-8615\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__label-icon jet-toggle-icon-position-right\"><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-normal jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-active jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-toggle__label-text\">Footnote #5<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-content-8615\" class=\"jet-toggle__content\" data-toggle=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__content-inner\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Immigration Ordinance, Hong Kong, Section 2(4)(a)(vi) (1997), <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elegislation.gov.hk\/hk\/cap115?xpid=ID_1438402608535_003\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.elegislation.gov.hk\/hk\/cap115?xpid=ID_1438402608535_003<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-bec22e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bec22e5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f4978d2\" data-id=\"f4978d2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a8e231 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2a8e231\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1520\" height=\"1070\" src=\"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-13-at-1.44.41-AM.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-13-at-1.44.41-AM.png 1520w, https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-13-at-1.44.41-AM-300x211.png 300w, https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-13-at-1.44.41-AM-1024x721.png 1024w, https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-13-at-1.44.41-AM-768x541.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1520px) 100vw, 1520px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Installation view of Vivan Sundaram's A Scroll\/Map and flag for Hong Kong (1997) in Being Minorities. Courtesy of the Ha Bik Chuen Archive and Asia Art Archive. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-50f640f\" data-id=\"50f640f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55e512e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"55e512e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"235\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/exhibition-list-thumbnail-235x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/exhibition-list-thumbnail-235x300.png 235w, https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/exhibition-list-thumbnail.png 424w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 235px) 100vw, 235px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad2fb37 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"ad2fb37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Ethnic-Minority-Exhibition-List-1933-2020.xlsx\" class=\"elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download Ethnic Minority Exhibition List 1933\u20132020<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-141e754 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"141e754\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1e515b7\" data-id=\"1e515b7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b062c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b062c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\">Between 1933 and 2020, there were eight non-profit local exhibitions on ethnic minorities of color:&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14.4px; font-weight: bolder;\"><em>Still Lives: Art by Vietnamese Boat People in Hong Kong<\/em><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\">&nbsp;(1990),&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14.4px; font-weight: bolder;\"><em>Being Minorities \u2014 Contemporary Asian Art<\/em><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\">&nbsp;(1997),&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14.4px; font-weight: bolder;\"><em>C.A.R.E.: Local Vietnamese Community Art Re-encountered<\/em>&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\">(2008),&nbsp;<\/span><em style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bolder;\">Afterwork<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\">&nbsp;(2016),&nbsp;<\/span><em style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bolder;\">A Collective Present<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\">&nbsp;(2017),&nbsp;<\/span><em style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bolder;\">Beyond Myself<\/span>&nbsp;<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\">(2018),&nbsp;<\/span><em style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bolder;\">We Are Like Air<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\">&nbsp;(2018) and&nbsp;<\/span><em style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bolder;\">N\u00e0ng T\u1ef1 Do: The Archive of \u201cArt In the Camps\u201d<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\">&nbsp;(2020). While&nbsp;<\/span><em style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\">Being Minorities<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\">&nbsp;was curated as a reflection on the further displacement of ethnic minorities during the Handover in 1997, the remaining seven exhibitions were either about Vietnamese refugees or foreign domestic workers.<\/span><span style=\"position: relative; font-size: 10.8px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;\">[6]<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\"><em>Still Lives<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>C.A.R.E.<\/em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>N\u00e0ng T\u1ef1 Do<\/em>&nbsp;were exhibitions of the same body of work created by Vietnamese refugees under the&nbsp;<em>Art in the Camps<\/em>&nbsp;program organized by Garden Streams \u2014 Hong Kong Fellowship of Christian Artists, which ran from 1988 to 1991 at Whitehead Detention Camp.<span style=\"position: relative; font-size: 10.8px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;\">[7]<\/span>&nbsp;This enduring reemergence of the art by Vietnamese refugees at Whitehead suggests the city\u2019s particular interest in this specific history and minority community but it could also reflect its tendency to forget them so quickly that it constantly needs their reiteration. Exhibitions about&nbsp;<em>Art in the Camps<\/em>&nbsp;are concentrated within one or two years before disappearing into invisibility until it reemerges yet again as a topic of interest in the next decade, effectively making Vietnamese refugee art history in Hong Kong circular and lacking in stable development due to its constant repetition.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e740fd8\" data-id=\"e740fd8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbb6800 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-accordion\" data-id=\"dbb6800\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-accordion\" data-settings=\"{&quot;collapsible&quot;:false,&quot;ajaxTemplate&quot;:false}\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-accordion__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-accordion__item jet-toggle jet-toggle-move-up-effect \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-control-2301\" class=\"jet-toggle__control elementor-menu-anchor\" data-toggle=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"jet-toggle-content-2301\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__label-icon jet-toggle-icon-position-right\"><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-normal jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-active jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-toggle__label-text\">Footnote #6<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-content-2301\" class=\"jet-toggle__content\" data-toggle=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__content-inner\"><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Being Minorities \u2014 Contemporary Asian Art<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Invitation (Hong Kong Arts Centre, 1997) accessed 4 May 2020, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aaa.org.hk\/archive\/2182\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/aaa.org.hk\/archive\/2182<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"jet-accordion__item jet-toggle jet-toggle-move-up-effect \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-control-2302\" class=\"jet-toggle__control elementor-menu-anchor\" data-toggle=\"2\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"jet-toggle-content-2302\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__label-icon jet-toggle-icon-position-right\"><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-normal jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-active jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-toggle__label-text\">Footnote #7<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-content-2302\" class=\"jet-toggle__content\" data-toggle=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__content-inner\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sophia Suk-Mun Law, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Invisible Citizens of Hong Kong: Art and Stories of Vietnamese Boatpeople<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press, 2014), xiv-xv.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3796704 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3796704\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-015a9fc\" data-id=\"015a9fc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-015542c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"015542c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"689\" src=\"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/5f8ea28a7d704-1024x689.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/5f8ea28a7d704-1024x689.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/5f8ea28a7d704-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/5f8ea28a7d704-768x517.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/5f8ea28a7d704-1536x1034.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/5f8ea28a7d704-2048x1379.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">\"The process of women weaving artworks inside the detention camp.\" At N\u00e0ng\u202fT\u1ef1\u202fDo. Courtesy of The Chinese University of Hong Kong Communications and Public Relations Office.  <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4e72be9\" data-id=\"4e72be9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6d4a8fc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6d4a8fc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-dff908e\" data-id=\"dff908e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd3ebaf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd3ebaf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\">The interest and research in foreign domestic workers, however, has a different trajectory. Exhibitions focused on domestic workers have steadily grown since the 2010s. One could identify Para Site\u2019s major group exhibition,\u00a0<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\">Afterwork<\/i><span style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\">, as the landmark show which increased interest in the domestic migrant community. It sought to explore \u201cissues of class, race, labor and migration in Hong Kong, its surrounding region and beyond\u201d by showing artists whose work has been a part of, related to or driven by migrant labor.<span style=\"position: relative; font-size: 10.8px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;\">[8]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\">Yet, as ground-breaking as the exhibition was, it only showed one Hong Kong ethnic minority artist of color, the Filipino-born photographer Xyza Cruz Bacani, among thirty artists and art collectives exhibited. Bacani\u2019s singularity as an artist representing her own community in an exhibition of\u00a0<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\">Afterwork<\/i><span style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\">\u2019s scale illustrates the scarcity of minority makers in Hong Kong and further attests to the art world\u2019s impermeability to certain communities.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1d787a\" data-id=\"c1d787a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-689714c elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-accordion\" data-id=\"689714c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-accordion\" data-settings=\"{&quot;collapsible&quot;:false,&quot;ajaxTemplate&quot;:false}\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-accordion__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-accordion__item jet-toggle jet-toggle-move-up-effect \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-control-1091\" class=\"jet-toggle__control elementor-menu-anchor\" data-toggle=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"jet-toggle-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__label-icon jet-toggle-icon-position-right\"><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-normal jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-active jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-toggle__label-text\">Footnote #8<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-content-1091\" class=\"jet-toggle__content\" data-toggle=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__content-inner\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para Site, \u201cAfterwork,\u201d accessed 4 May 2021,<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.para-site.art\/exhibitions\/afterwork\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.para-site.art\/exhibitions\/afterwork\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d8909a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d8909a9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b12116\" data-id=\"7b12116\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1954b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a1954b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"689\" src=\"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-10-at-1.30.54-AM-e1626946442672-1024x689.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-10-at-1.30.54-AM-e1626946442672-1024x689.png 1024w, https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-10-at-1.30.54-AM-e1626946442672-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-10-at-1.30.54-AM-e1626946442672-768x517.png 768w, https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-10-at-1.30.54-AM-e1626946442672.png 1373w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Screen capture of a video of artist Xyza Cruz Bacani giving a talk at Para Site in conjunction with the Afterwork exhibition, 2016. Courtesy of Para Site, Hong Kong. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-25c1d9f\" data-id=\"25c1d9f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0eb7893 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0eb7893\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b641b6f\" data-id=\"b641b6f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-424011f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"424011f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tIn an interview with Bacani conducted for this project, we discussed her experience as an ethnic minority maker in Hong Kong, from her background as a migrant worker to her emergence as a professional photographer after her discovery by\u00a0The New York Times\u00a0in 2014 and her solo exhibition\u00a0We Are Like Air.<sup>[9]<\/sup>\u00a0While she cited socio-economic status and Cantonese proficiency as defining hurdles for minority communities to become makers in the city and shared the importance of meeting the right people in her success, we also talked about the language the media has used to talk about her accomplishments.<sup>[10]<\/sup>\u00a0Despite being a full-time photographer for years, articles have continuously stressed Bacani\u2019s previous employment as a domestic worker in their headlines. Bacani theorized that the emphasis on her background is partially due to the exoticizing and tokenistic allure of a \u201crags to riches\u201d story, but it also reflects the writers\u2019, and perhaps the greater public\u2019s, need to apply repetition to convince themselves that a Southeast Asian woman and a former domestic worker, could attain success as a Hong Kong artist.<sup>[11]<\/sup>\u00a0It is almost as if that feat is impossible as the systems in place were not built to grant someone like Bacani such an accomplishment.\n<p>\n<p>\nThe circularity and repetition of minority histories shown in exhibitions, the lack of minority makers and the bewildered response to Bacani\u2019s success point towards a system unsure of how to include minorities into its canon. Exhibitions like\u00a0Afterwork, though their motivations and effects are largely positive, exemplify how the ethnic minority is recognized as art\u2019s subject but not its maker. We are embodied by the ceramic bottles of shampoo in Joyce Lung\u2019s\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.joycelungyuetching.com\/susan\">Susan<\/a><\/em>\u00a0(2016), the pixelated videotapes in Elvis Yip Kin Bon\u2019s\u00a0<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.yipkinbon.com\/read-more-if-you-miss-home.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">If You Miss Home<\/a><\/em>\u00a0(2016), the toy grenades in Sun Yuan and Peng Yu\u2019s\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/hyperallergic.com\/71441\/the-artists-who-gave-domestic-workers-toy-grenades\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hong Kong Intervention<\/a><\/em>\u00a0(2009), but we cannot be the gears that push the field forward.<sup>[12]<\/sup> Our representation rests on the shoulders of one in seven million artists like Bacani, with which we should be content.\n<p>\n<p>\nI was the only Filipino-Hong Konger Art History graduate in my class and I am now the only Filipino-Hong Konger in my museum\u2019s Curatorial Department. While one person alone could initiate ripples, she cannot make waves. Without ethnic minority presence across the sector, both as artists and as decision-makers within our institutions, Hong Kong art will remain exclusionary regardless of how many exhibitions about us are shown. It will stay impermeable not only to ethnic minorities of color but to most at the socio-economic margins who cannot attain the field\u2019s prerequisites of higher education and a network of influential people. This project is a reminder that we are all migrants to this city and we should all have a voice in its culture and history, regardless of where we come from and where we go next.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-11bf25c\" data-id=\"11bf25c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c3b02b elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-accordion\" data-id=\"0c3b02b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-accordion\" data-settings=\"{&quot;collapsible&quot;:false,&quot;ajaxTemplate&quot;:false}\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-accordion__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-accordion__item jet-toggle jet-toggle-move-up-effect \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-control-1281\" class=\"jet-toggle__control elementor-menu-anchor\" data-toggle=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"jet-toggle-content-1281\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__label-icon jet-toggle-icon-position-right\"><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-normal jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-active jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-toggle__label-text\">Footnote #9<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-content-1281\" class=\"jet-toggle__content\" data-toggle=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__content-inner\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Xyza Cruz Bacani (artist), interview with the author, 22 November 2020, transcript, [location in website].\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"jet-accordion__item jet-toggle jet-toggle-move-up-effect \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-control-1282\" class=\"jet-toggle__control elementor-menu-anchor\" data-toggle=\"2\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"jet-toggle-content-1282\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__label-icon jet-toggle-icon-position-right\"><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-normal jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-active jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-toggle__label-text\">Footnote #10<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-content-1282\" class=\"jet-toggle__content\" data-toggle=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__content-inner\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ibid.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"jet-accordion__item jet-toggle jet-toggle-move-up-effect \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-control-1283\" class=\"jet-toggle__control elementor-menu-anchor\" data-toggle=\"3\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"jet-toggle-content-1283\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__label-icon jet-toggle-icon-position-right\"><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-normal jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-active jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-toggle__label-text\">Footnote #11<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-content-1283\" class=\"jet-toggle__content\" data-toggle=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__content-inner\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ibid.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"jet-accordion__item jet-toggle jet-toggle-move-up-effect \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-control-1284\" class=\"jet-toggle__control elementor-menu-anchor\" data-toggle=\"4\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"jet-toggle-content-1284\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__label-icon jet-toggle-icon-position-right\"><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-normal jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-active jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-toggle__label-text\">Footnote #12<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-content-1284\" class=\"jet-toggle__content\" data-toggle=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__content-inner\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para Site, \u201cAfterwork,\u201d<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.para-site.art\/exhibitions\/afterwork\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.para-site.art\/exhibitions\/afterwork\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8678033 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8678033\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"211\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/xyza-interview-thumbnail-211x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/xyza-interview-thumbnail-211x300.jpg 211w, https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/xyza-interview-thumbnail.jpg 302w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 211px) 100vw, 211px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08a8d30 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"08a8d30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Xyza-Cruz-Bacani-Edited-Transcript-2020.pdf\" class=\"elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download Xyza Cruz Bacani Interview Transcript<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72ff2f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"72ff2f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49f19714 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-accordion\" data-id=\"49f19714\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-accordion\" data-settings=\"{&quot;collapsible&quot;:false,&quot;ajaxTemplate&quot;:false}\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-accordion__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-accordion__item jet-toggle jet-toggle-move-up-effect \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-control-1241\" class=\"jet-toggle__control elementor-menu-anchor\" data-toggle=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"jet-toggle-content-1241\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__label-icon jet-toggle-icon-position-left\"><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-normal jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"jet-toggle__icon icon-active jet-tabs-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-toggle__label-text\">Bibliography<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"jet-toggle-content-1241\" class=\"jet-toggle__content\" data-toggle=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-template-id=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-toggle__content-inner\"><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Collective Present<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Spring Workshop, 2017. [Exhibition]<\/span><\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beyond Myself<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Goldsmiths, University of London, 2018. [Exhibition]\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Being Minorities \u2014 Contemporary Asian Art<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Invitation. Hong Kong Arts Centre, 1997. Accessed 4 May 2020, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aaa.org.hk\/archive\/2182\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/aaa.org.hk\/archive\/2182<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cheung, Kelvin Chi-Kin and Chou, Kee-Lee. &#8220;Child Poverty Among Hong Kong Ethnic Minorities.&#8221; Social Indicators Research 137, no. 1 (2018): 93-112.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Choi, Susanne Y. P., and Eric Fong. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Migration in Post-Colonial Hong Kong<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Taylor and Francis, 2017. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/public.ebookcentral.proquest.com\/choice\/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=4980457\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/public.ebookcentral.proquest.com\/choice\/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=4980457<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chou, Freya, Cosmin Costinas, Inti Guerrero, and Qinyi Lim. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Afterwork<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Para Site, 2016. [Exhibition]\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Erni, John Nguyet, and Lisa Yuk-ming Leung. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding South Asian Minorities in Hong Kong<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Hong Kong University Press, 2014.<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctt14jxs35\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctt14jxs35<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ho, Oscar. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Being Minorities <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Contemporary Asian Art<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Hong Kong Arts Centre, 1997. [Exhibition]<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kam-Yee Law &amp; Kim-Ming Lee. \u201cThe myth of multiculturalism in \u2018Asia&#8217;s world city\u2019: incomprehensive policies for ethnic minorities in Hong Kong.\u201d Journal of Asian Public Policy, 5:1 (2012): 117-134, DOI: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17516234.2012.662353\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10.1080\/17516234.2012.662353<\/span><\/a><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Law, Sophia Suk-Mun. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Invisible Citizens of Hong Kong: Art and Stories of Vietnamese Boatpeople<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press, 2014.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lee, Melissa Karman. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We Are Like Air<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Hong Kong Arts Centre, 2018. [Exhibition]<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liang, Yeewoo Evelyna. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C.A.R.E.: Local Vietnamese Community Art Re-encountered<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Lingnan University, 2008. [Exhibition]\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mathews, Gordon. &#8220;Asylum Seekers as Symbols of Hong Kong&#8217;s Non-Chineseness.&#8221; <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China Perspectives<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, no. 3 (114) (2018): 51-58. Accessed August 8, 2020. doi:10.2307\/26531931.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00e0ng T\u1ef1 Do: The Archive of \u201cArt In the Camps<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Department of Fine Arts, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2020. [Exhibition]\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O\u2019Connor, Paul. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Islam in Hong Kong: Muslims and Everyday Life in China&#8217;s World City<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Hong Kong University Press, 2012.<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctt1xwd8h\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctt1xwd8h<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para Site. \u201cAfterwork.\u201d Accessed 4 May 2021. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.para-site.art\/exhibitions\/afterwork\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.para-site.art\/exhibitions\/afterwork\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ramsden, Michael and Marsh, Luke. &#8220;The &#8216;right to Work&#8217; of Refugees in Hong Kong: MA v Director of Immigration.&#8221; International Journal of Refugee Law 25, no. 3 (2013): 574-96.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Still Lives: Art by Vietnamese Boat People in Hong Kong<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Hong Kong Arts Centre, 1990. [Exhibition]\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Xyza Cruz Bacani (artist), interview with the author, 22 November 2020. Transcript, [location in site].\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65c38764 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"65c38764\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c55bb9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-headline\" data-id=\"c55bb9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-headline.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"jet-headline jet-headline--direction-horizontal\"><span class=\"jet-headline__part jet-headline__first\"><span class=\"jet-headline__label\">About the author<\/span><\/span><span class=\"jet-headline__space\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7431dd17 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7431dd17\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7fc91b6c\" data-id=\"7fc91b6c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58380c91 elementor-position-left elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"58380c91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/index.php\/people\/nicolemartinnepomuceno\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Photo-e1625213268850.jpg\" title=\"Photo\" alt=\"Photo\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/index.php\/people\/nicolemartinnepomuceno\/\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/index.php\/people\/nicolemartinnepomuceno\/\">Nicole Martin Nepomuceno<\/a><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-4f0b6a08 ); font-size: 1.75rem;\"><\/span><\/p><\/a><\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\">Born in the Philippines, Nicole graduated with a Bachelor of Art History from The University of Hong Kong (HKU) in 2020. Her undergraduate research focused on pre-modern European art, but she is at present most interested in researching themes related to Hong Kong art, Southeast Asian art and migration. She is currently the Curatorial Intern of Visual Arts at M+, Hong Kong\u2019s museum of visual culture, where she is leading their ethnic minority research project. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14.4px;\"><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-63c2fa7f\" data-id=\"63c2fa7f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66755508 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"66755508\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\">\n\t<a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/index.php\/people\/\">\n\t\t<div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"jet-button__icon jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-arrow-circle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"jet-button__label\">More about us<\/span>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"jet-button__icon jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-arrow-circle-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Other contributors<\/span>\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Art, Migration &amp; Representation&nbsp;Mapping Ethnic Minority Migration and Exhibitions in Hong Kong, 1933\u20132020 Author&#8217;s Statement&nbsp; Hong Kong is a product of human movement. It is a city built, cultivated and developed by migrants and it continues to rest on their labor. This project looks at Hong Kong art through the lens of migration. Exhibition history [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":647,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1146","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1146","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1146"}],"version-history":[{"count":126,"href":"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1146\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3107,"href":"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1146\/revisions\/3107"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arthistory.hku.hk\/hkarttimeline\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1146"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}